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Operating System and Software
- CentOS 7
- Rocky Linux 8
Note: For RHEL5 and RHEL6, refer to How to unpack/uncompress and repack/re-compress an initial ramdisk (initrd/initramfs) boot image file?
Problem
- How to extract/unpack/uncompress the contents of the initramfs image on CentOS 7 and Rocky Linux 8?
-
In RHEL6 and older, the contents of the initramfs or initrd image could be extracted using
cpioas shown below:# zcat initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img | cpio -idmv - However, it does not work when I try to extract the contents of initramfs image on CentOS 7 as shown below and error is generated:
# zcat initramfs-3.10.0-229.4.2.el7.x86_64.img | cpio -id gzip: initramfs-3.10.0-229.4.2.el7.x86_64.img: not in gzip format cpio: premature end of archive # file initramfs-3.10.0-229.4.2.el7.x86_64.img initramfs-3.10.0-229.4.2.el7.x86_64.img: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
How to Fix
- First, create a temporary work directory and switch into it. This will be the location where the initramfs contents will be unpacked into and viewed:
mkdir /tmp/initrd cd /tmp/initrd - Uncompress and extract the contents of the image in the
/boot/directory:
/usr/lib/dracut/skipcpio /boot/initramfs-$(uname -r).img | gunzip -c | cpio -idmv
- The
$(uname -r)will use the file for the current kernel version. You may also specify a specific file, such as:
/usr/lib/dracut/skipcpio /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img | gunzip -c | cpio -idmv
# ls bin dev etc init lib lib64 proc root run sbin shutdown sys sysroot tmp usr var
Origin of the Problem
The initramfs file now stores both CPU microcode and the initial boot image in the one “combined” image file.
The CPU microcode is stored with CPIO compression, then the boot image is stored with its own separate compression.
The kernel processes the one “combined” image file, uncompresses and loads the CPU microcode into the CPU, then uncompresses the boot image and starts init.
When viewing this combined image file on a booted system, it is necessary to use skipcpio to “skip past” the CPIO-compressed CPU microcode to access the boot image.
Reference:
